As part of the research work carried out by the federal Ministry of Culture, through the National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH), within the framework of the Archaeological Zone Improvement Program (Promeza), within the walled area of Tulum, In Quintana Roo, the entrance to a cave was located, which was closed with a large rock.
(INAH).- The discovery was recorded during the work of liberating areas for the creation of a new path, located between buildings 21 (Temple of the Columns) and 25 (Temple of Halach Uinic).
The coordinator of the archaeological research project, José Antonio Reyes Solís, reported that in the upper part of the front wall of the cave, a sea snail was found glued with stucco to the bedrock, as part of a decoration made by the pre-Hispanic Mayans.
“When removing the rock that closed the entrance to the cavity, it was observed that it was splitting the bone remains of an individual, leaving the lower part of his body on the outside and the upper part inside it.”
As the exploration of the cave progressed, he said, it was identified that the topography shows at least two small chambers, located in the southern and northern parts, no more than 3 meters long by 2 meters wide, and an average height of 50 centimeters. Within these chambers, so far, eight burials have been recorded, mostly adults, which are in good condition due to the environmental conditions inside the space. These osteological materials are analyzed and investigated in the laboratories of the INAH Quintana Roo Center, by the head of the Department of Physical Anthropology, Allan Ortega Muñoz.
Likewise, a large number of skeletal remains of animals associated with the burials were recorded. According to the specialists in fauna identification, who collaborate on the project, Jerónimo Avilés and Cristian Sánchez, they correspond, in a preliminary manner, to various mammals (domestic dogs, mice, opossum, blood-sucking bats, white-tailed deer, tepezcuintle, armadillo nine banded, tapir, peccary); birds of the order Galliforme, Passeriforme, Pelecaniforme, Piciforme and Charadriiforme; reptiles (loggerhead sea turtle, land turtle and iguana); fish (tiger shark, barracuda, grouper, drum fish, puffer fish, eagle ray); crustaceans (crab and cirripedians), mollusks (snail) and amphibians (frog). Some bones have cut marks and others have been worked as artifacts, like punches, needles, or fan handles, characteristic of the area.
Although a significant number of ceramic fragments, characteristic of the Late Postclassic period (1200-1550 AD), have been located associated with these burials, only three individuals can be directly linked to a small molcajete of the Papacal Inciso type, with hollow semi-globular supports. This ceramic element has been intervened by restoration specialist Carolina Segura Carrillo, who is part of the conservation team at Promeza in Tulum, under the direction of restorer Patricia Meehan Hermanson.
According to archaeologist Antonio Reyes Solís, the archaeological excavation work inside the cave chambers, the three-dimensional record of the context and photography of the archaeological elements located inside, as well as the space that contains them, has represented a challenge. for the team, because the work area is extremely small, the lighting is almost non-existent, the temperature and humidity are high and the insects that inhabit the cave complicate the activities.
However, with the support and adaptation of new technologies for the registration of this type of context, such as the use of laser scanners and high-resolution photography, the preservation of the cave and the archaeological elements associated with it can be ensured; In this way, 3D models will be generated, with a high degree of detail and precision.
These virtual products of the archaeological context will allow us to continue with the analysis and processing of field data from a computer; and make available to the public a virtual tour of the interior of the cave, where the in situ context of the archaeological materials can be observed, through a digital viewer or a mobile phone application. Field research work will continue for the remainder of the year.
